July 26, 2025

Africa’s Climate Crusade: Reflecting on Nairobi and What to Expect in Ethiopia 

By VIOLET MENGO

Lusaka

IN September 2023, Nairobi, Kenya, became the epicenter of Africa’s fight against climate change as it hosted the first-ever Africa Climate Summit (ACS).

The event, co-hosted by the Kenyan Government and the African Union, was more than just a conference, it was a bold statement that Africa was ready to lead the global climate conversation. 

Why Nairobi’s Summit was a Game-Changer 

1. A Unified African Voice – For the first time, African leaders, activists, scientists and businesses came together under one roof to demand climate justice. The summit produced the “Nairobi Declaration”, a powerful document calling for global financial reforms, debt relief for climate-vulnerable nations and increased green investment in Africa. 

2. Focus on Solutions, Not Just Problems – Unlike many global climate talks, the ACS emphasised homegrown solutions, from renewable energy projects to regenerative agriculture. African innovators showcased technologies like solar microgrids and drought-resistant crops, proving that the continent is not just a victim of climate change but a hub of innovation. 

3. The Carbon Credit Debate – One of the most contentious discussions revolved around Africa’s vast carbon sinks (like the Congo Basin). Should Africa sell carbon credits to the West, or should these resources remain under African control? Nairobi’s summit laid the groundwork for this critical debate. 

4. Youth and Women at the Forefront – Young activists like Elizabeth Wathuti and Vanessa Nakate stole the spotlight, demanding intergenerational equity. The summit also highlighted how climate change disproportionately affects African women, who are often the backbone of agriculture and water collection. 

What to Expect at the Second Africa Climate Summit in Ethiopia (September 2025)

As Ethiopia prepares to host the second Africa Climate Summit in September 2025, expectations are even higher.

Here’s what could make this summit a turning point: 

 1. From Pledges to Action: Holding the World Accountable 

Nairobi set the stage, but Addis Ababa must push for binding commitments. African nations will likely demand that rich countries fulfill their $100 billion annual climate finance promise—a pledge that has been repeatedly broken. 

2. Green Industrialisation: Africa’s Energy Revolution 

Ethiopia, with its Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and vast geothermal potential, is a fitting host for discussions on Africa’s energy transition. Expect bold calls for investment in wind, solar and hydropower to fuel the continent’s industrialisation without relying on fossil fuels. 

3. Climate Reparations and Debt Swaps

African leaders are expected to intensify calls for loss and damage funding and debt-for-climate swaps, where debt is forgiven in exchange for green investments. Ethiopia, which has faced economic challenges, may lead this charge. 

4. The Great Carbon Market Showdown 

Will Africa sell its carbon credits to the highest bidder, or will it demand fair pricing and local benefits? Ethiopia’s summit could see stricter regulations proposed to prevent exploitation. 

5. Conflict and Climate: The Overlooked Link 

With conflicts raging in Sudan, the Sahel, and the DRC—all exacerbated by climate-induced resource scarcity—the summit may finally address “climate security” as a continental priority. 

The first Africa Climate Summit was a historic moment, but the second one must be a catalyst for real change. As Ethiopia takes the baton, the world must listen because Africa is no longer just asking for help; it’s demanding justice, investment and a seat at the decision-making table. 

Will 2025 be the year Africa’s climate leadership reshapes the global order? All eyes will be on Addis Ababa this September. 

 Ends….